Introduction and History of Cryptography

What is Cryptography?
History of Cryptography
Mono-Alphabet Substitution
- Caesar Cipher
- Atbash Cipher
- Affine Cipher
- ROT13 Cipher
- Scytale
- Single Substitution Weaknesses
Multi-Alphabet Substitution
- Cipher Disk
- Vigenère Cipher
  - Vigenère Cipher: Example
  - Breaking the Vigenère Cipher
- Playfair Cipher
- ADFGVX Cipher
Homophonic Substitution
Null Ciphers
Book Ciphers
Rail Fence Ciphers
The Enigma Machine
CrypTool

Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes

Symmetric Cryptography
Information Theory
- Information Theory Cryptography Concepts
Kerckhoffs’s Principle
Substitution
Transposition
Binary Math
- Binary AND
- Binary OR
- Binary XOR
Block Cipher vs. Stream Cipher
Symmetric Block Cipher Algorithms
- Basic Facts of the Feistel Function
  - The Feistel Function
  - Unbalanced Feistel Cipher
- Data Encryption Standard (DES)
- 3DES
  - DESx
  - Whitening
- Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
  - AES General Overview
  - AES Specifics
- Blowfish
- Serpent
- Twofish
- Skipjack
- International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
- CAST
- Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA)
- SHARK
Symmetric Algorithm Methods
- Electronic Codebook (ECB)
- Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC)
- Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC)
- Cipher Feedback (CFB)
- Output Feedback (OFB)
- Counter (CTR)
- Initialization Vector (IV)
Symmetric Stream Ciphers
- Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4
- Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: FISH
- Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE
Hash Function
- Hash – Salt
- MD5
  - The MD5 Algorithm
- MD6
- Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)
- FORK-256
- RIPEMD-160
- GOST
- Tiger
- MAC and HMAC
CryptoBench

Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography

Asymmetric Encryption
Basic Number Facts
- Prime Numbers
- Co-Prime Numbers
- Euler’s Totient
- Modulus Operator
- Fibonacci Numbers
Birthday Theorem
- Birthday Paradox
  - Birthday Paradox: Probability
- Birthday Attack
Random Number Generator
- Classification of Random Number Generator
- Traits of a Good PRNG
- Naor-Reingold and Mersenne Twister Pseudorandom Function
- Linear Congruential Generator
- Lehmer Random Number Generator
- Lagged Fibonacci Generator (LFG)
- Blum Blum Shub
- Yarrow
- Fortuna
Diffie-Hellman
Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA)
- RSA – How it Works
- RSA Example
Menezes–Qu–Vanstone
Digital Signature Algorithm
- Signing with DSA
Elliptic Curve
- Elliptic Curve Variations
Elgamal
CrypTool

Applications of Cryptography

FIPS Standards
Digital Signatures
What is a Digital Certificate?
- Digital Certificates
  - X.509
  - X.509 Certificates
  - X.509 Certificate Content
  - X.509 Certificate File Extensions
Certificate Authority (CA)
- Certificate Authority – Verisign
Registration Authority (RA)
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Digital Certificate Terminology
Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol
Digital Certificate Management
Trust Models
Certificates and Web Servers
Microsoft Certificate Services
Windows Certificates: certmgr.msc
Authentication
- Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
- Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP)
- Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
- Kerberos
  - Components of Kerberos System
  - Kerberos Authentication Process
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
- PGP Certificates
Wi-Fi Encryption
- Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
- WPA – Wi-Fi Protected Access
- WPA2
SSL
TLS
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
  - PPTP VPN
- Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol VPN
- Internet Protocol Security VPN
- SSL/TLS VPN
Encrypting Files
- Backing up the EFS key
- Restoring the EFS Key
BitLocker
- BitLocker: Screenshot
Disk Encryption Software: VeraCrypt
Common Cryptography Mistakes
Steganography
- Steganography Terms
- Historical Steganography
- Steganography Details
- Other Forms of Steganography
- How to Embed?
- Steganographic File Systems
- Steganography Implementations
- Demonstration
Steganalysis
- Steganalysis – Raw Quick Pair
- Steganalysis – Chi-Square Analysis
- Steganalysis – Audio Steganalysis
Steganography Detection Tools
National Security Agency and Cryptography
- NSA Suite A Encryption Algorithms
- NSA Suite B Encryption Algorithms
- National Security Agency: Type 1 Algorithms
- National Security Agency: Type 2 Algorithms
- National Security Agency: Type 3 Algorithms
- National Security Agency: Type 4 Algorithms
Unbreakable Encryption

Cryptanalysis

Breaking Ciphers
Cryptanalysis
Frequency Analysis
Kasiski
Cracking Modern Cryptography
- Cracking Modern Cryptography: Chosen Plaintext Attack
- Cracking Modern Cryptography: Ciphertext-only and Related-key Attack
Linear Cryptanalysis
Differential Cryptanalysis
Integral Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis Resources
Cryptanalysis Success
Rainbow Tables
Password Cracking
Tools

CND – Certified Network Defender